|
Sciense
Methodological explanations Statistical data of this section covers enterprises and organizations implementing the scientific researches and development works, irrespective of their belonging to that or another field of economy. Organizations are classified by activity sectors: state, entrepreneurial, higher education. State sector includes: ministries and departments, organs of government satisfying publicity needs in whole; unprofitable organizations fully or mainly financed and controlled by the government. Entrepreneurial sector includes: all organizations and enterprises main activity of which is connected with production of product and services for selling purposes, including those are in the state property. Sector of higher education includes: universities and other higher educational institutions, irrespective of sources of financing and legal status as well as controlled research institutions, experimental stations, and clinics. Personnel engaged in researches and developments – group of persons the theoretical activity realized on systematical base of which is directed to improvement of scientific knowledge and seeking of new areas of application of this knowledge as well as engaged in rendering of direct services, connected with carrying out of researches and development. In statistics a personnel engaged in researches and developments is considered as payroll of employees of organizations (corresponding subdivisions of higher education institutions, industrial enterprises and etc.), implementing researches and developments. There are four categories in the structure of personnel engaged in researches and developments: researchers, technicians, support personnel and others. Researchers are employees that are professionally engaged in scientific researchers and developments, and directly realizing the creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems as well as management of indicated types of activity. Specialists-researchers usually have higher vocational education. Technicians – employees participating in conduction of scientific researches and developments, implementing technical functions, as a rule under the direction of researchers (exploitation and servicing of scientific devices, laboratory equipment, computer engineering, preparation of materials, diagrams, running of experiments, tests and analysis and etc.). Support personnel covers employees implementing the supplementary functions connected with conduction of researches and developments; employees of planned-economic, financial subdivisions, subdivisions of scientific and technical information, scientific and technical libraries, patent services as well as employees realizing assembling, debugging, service and repair of scientific equipment and devices; employees of pilot (experimental) production; laboratory assistants having no higher and secondary vocational education. Other workers include employees engaged in economic service and implementing functions of common nature connected with the activity of material support (marketing) and etc. Volume of implemented scientific and technical works includes the volume of scientific and technical works implemented by enterprises own means as well as executors (outside organizations). It also includes fundamental researches, application studies and developments. Researches and development – scientific activity realized on the systematic base with the aim of improvement of scientific knowledge and seeking of new areas of their practical application. Fundamental researches include experimental or theoretical researches, directed to the obtaining of new knowledge without any concrete purpose connected with use of this knowledge. Their results – hypothesis, theory, methods and etc. Fundamental researches could be finalized by the recommendations on conduction of application studies to reveal possibilities of practical usage of the received scientific results, scientific publications and etc. Application studies represent the original works directed to the obtaining of new knowledge with the aim to solve concrete practical problems. Application studies define possible ways of use of fundamental researches results, new methods of solving of earlier stated problems. Developments include systematical works based on existing knowledge obtained in the result of researches and (or) practical experience, and directed to creation of new materials, products, processes, installations, services, systems and methods. The aim of these works could also be the improvement of already existing objects. Developments also include the following types of activity: research and development and technological works; preparation of experimental models, series, products; designed works for construction as well as scientific and technical services. Scientific and technical services include activity in the field of scientific and technical information, patents, licenses, standardization, metrology and quality control, scientific and technical consulting, and promotional activity as well as other types of activity on distribution and application of scientific knowledge. Fixed assets of researches and developments those are on balance of scientific organizations and used in their main activity, include buildings and installations, transfer mechanisms, machines and equipments as well as research installations, scientific devices, automation facilities and computer engineering, transport means, tools, inventory and etc. In this section it is indicated the information on actual expenditures on implementation of researches and developments during the report year irrespective of source of means. Gross expenditures are expenses on implementation of researches and developments with the consideration of works carried out by outside organizations-executors (i.e. internal and external expenses), including as current and capital expenses. External expenditures are expenses on implementation of scientific researches and developments by own means of reporting organizations. External expenses include current and capital. Internal current expenditures are expenses on labor payment of payroll employees (including employees of account department, personnel services, subdivisions of material support and others), including all types of compensations, allowances, additional payments for leave and social benefits; it also includes payment of labor of by-workers. Capital expenditures include expenses on construction and purchasing of buildings, conduction of large-scale reconstructions, modernization and repair of buildings intended for carrying out of scientific researches and developments; purchasing of equipment that is included in the structure of capital assets; purchasing of land areas intended for carrying out of scientific researches and developments. |
| © The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan |